Cryptosporidium has recently (25/06/08) been reported in tap water in Northamptonshire by the news media.
Cryptosporidium has caused several large waterborne disease outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness, with symptoms that include diarrhoea, nausea, and/or stomach cramps.
Cryptosporidium causes an illness called cryptosporidiosis.
Cryptosporidiosis is an acute short-term infection which can become severe and non-resolving in children and individuals whose immune systems are compromised.
This parasite is transmitted by hardy cysts and once ingested the parasite emerges in the small intestine resulting in an infection.
These cysts can be killed by boiling water at full boil for 1 minute or they can be removed by reverse osmosis and RO-Man can supply a system that will provide clean tasting safe water for a large family
http://www.ro-man.com/shop/product_info.php/cPath/22_287/products_id/231
An alternative would be to use an HMA carbon filter as fitted to RO-Mans HMA2000
http://www.ro-man.com/shop/product_info.php/cPath/35/products_id/134
USA Environmental Protection Agency guidance on Cryptosporidium can be found
http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/crypto.html
We sell our filters in filters Sets or in singles, if you just want to change the Pre-Filters you need our 3 stage filter set:-
http://www.ro-man.com/shop/product_info.php/cPath/24_52/products_id/192
If you want a Pre-Filter and post Filter set with Resin then you need the 4 stage system set:-
http://www.ro-man.com/shop/product_info.php/cPath/24_52/products_id/193
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We supply a Mains Clamp see below (there is a small film on the page)
http://www.ro-man.com/shop/product_info.php/cPath/25_40/products_id/57
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Our professional systems have the same stages/filters as the standard systems however the deionisation stage is Much Bigger and lasts longer between resin changes. It’s VERY important that the resin is changed as soon as the TDS rises above 0-1 as DI resin can starts to dump anything that it has soaked up. ALL professional systems come with a TDS meter.
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With the professional systems we supply a simple Handheld TDS meter with the 50 and 75 GPD versions and a In-Line TDS meter with the 100 GPD Versions.
TDS meters are are a Very important part of using a RO system, as you need to know if they are working.
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The Flow Restrictor has two functions:
First, to create pressure throughout the membrane element.
Second and more importantly, to maintain a desired ratio of reject flow (to drain) and permeate (product) flow.
Residential membranes require a reject flow rate of at least 3-6 times the product flow rate. Normally this ratio is maintained at approximately 3 to 4:1. Therefore, a membrane rated at 10 gallons per 24 hour day should be sized with a flow restrictor of at least 50 gallons per day.
Under-sizing the flow restrictor in order to run the system at higher recoveries results in premature scaling of the membrane, and shorter membrane life, and/or an increase in higher-TDS product water. Additionally, scaling of the flow restrictor will alter the flow rate to drain, and decrease the ratio, causing the above problems. To avoid this, flow restrictors should be changed regularly.
There are two types of flow restrictors:
Encapsulated Capillary Type. Comes in Male, and Quick Connect Ends
catalogridge Type. Fits into an elbow fitting then screws into the brine side of the pressure vessel.
The best flow restrictor to use is the capillary type, as it is less likely to scale as quickly as the catalogridge type. The flow restrictor should be changed every time the membrane is changed.
Flow Restrictor Sizing
Flow restrictors are rated by a flow rate expressed as milliliters/minute (ml/min). The following table gives a guideline for selecting a flow restrictor.
|
Membrane Product Output (GPD)
|
Restrictor Flow (ml/min)
|
|
7
|
100
|
60
|
|
10
|
150
|
90
|
|
16
|
200
|
120
|
|
18
|
250
|
150
|
|
24
|
300
|
180
|
|
36
|
420
|
252
|
|
50
|
550
|
330
|
|
75
|
850
|
510
|
|
100
|
950
|
570
|
A standard flow restrictor that closely meets the calculated brine flow should be selected. The poorer the feed water quality, the higher the reject to product ratio should be. Lowering the ratio below the recommended level will result in faster fouling of the membrane and shorter membrane life. In addition to this, when designing a system, check to ensure that the desired reject to product ratio can be met at the operating pressure the system will be running at.
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The life of DI is dictated by the quality of the water that comes out of the RO systems, this quality depends on the feed tds, water temp and pressure. For instance if you have GOOD water pressure the TDS out of the system could be 5 tds if you had lower pressure and VERY high TDS in, then the out TDS could be 20. The DI will only last 1/4 of the time with 20 tds through it as with 5 tds through it.
The DI unit takes 700ml of resin so 2000ml will just about refill the DI 3 time. Each time the DI must be emptied and refilled completely.
The life ranges from 40gallons to around 250 per 700 ml
If keeping marine aquariums we feel that the is no other option. DI’s are a MUST so you have zero TDS, Zero TDS means NO phosphates silicates or Nitrates, RO systems without DI will still have traces of these, if they are in the Feed water.
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Absolutely not! We have never found a magnet or alloy or electronic coil of any kind that can pass any hardness test at all! Buyers beware of companies offering such gadgets and miracles. If they worked you could would them here as well.
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A water softener works by replacing the hardness in your water with either sodium or potassium. Their are two types of softeners. Demand and timer models. The difference between demand and timers: A demand recycles depending on how much water you use. A timer recycles at a specified time. For more water softener information feel free to give us a call.
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